The Holy Spirit is one of the most asked-about subjects in all of Scripture, and the questions people bring are wonderfully honest ones. Who is the Holy Spirit? What does He actually do? How can I recognize His work in my life? The Bible has a great deal to say in answer, and this article walks through the most common questions people ask, letting Scripture speak for itself.
Who Is the Holy Spirit?
Throughout the Bible, the Holy Spirit is presented as the very presence and power of God at work in the world. He appears in the Bible’s second verse, moving over the waters at creation (Genesis 1:2), and He is there on its final page, extending an invitation to “come” (Revelation 22:17). In the King James Version you will often see Him called the “Holy Ghost,” an older English way of saying the same thing.
Jesus spoke of the Holy Spirit in strikingly personal terms. He called Him “the Comforter” and “the Spirit of truth,” and promised His followers that the Spirit would be with them after He returned to the Father (John 14:16-17). The Spirit teaches, guides, comforts, and can even be grieved (Ephesians 4:30), which is language the Bible uses for a person, not an impersonal force.
What Does the Holy Spirit Do?
Scripture describes the Holy Spirit’s work in several distinct ways. He teaches and reminds believers of what Jesus said (John 14:26). He guides people into truth: “Howbeit when he, the Spirit of truth, is come, he will guide you into all truth” (John 16:13 KJV). He gives power for living out and sharing the faith (Acts 1:8). And He helps people pray, even when words fail (Romans 8:26).
The Bible also says the Spirit convicts the world concerning sin and righteousness (John 16:8), and that He comforts God’s people in hardship. If you have ever felt drawn to seek God, encouraged by a verse at just the right moment, or helped in a prayer you could not put into words, those are the kinds of work Scripture attributes to the Holy Spirit.
What About the Gifts and the Fruit of the Spirit?
The Bible speaks of both gifts of the Spirit and fruit of the Spirit, and they are not the same thing. Spiritual gifts, described in passages like 1 Corinthians 12 and Romans 12, are abilities given for serving others, such as teaching, encouragement, giving, and more. Sincere Christians hold different views on whether certain gifts, like tongues and prophecy, continue today, and faithful believers land on both sides of that question. You can read more in our page on the gift of tongues, which presents those views side by side.
The fruit of the Spirit, by contrast, is the character the Spirit grows in every believer: “But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, faith, meekness, temperance: against such there is no law” (Galatians 5:22-23 KJV). Gifts differ from person to person, but the fruit is meant for all.
Key Bible Verses
“But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all things, and bring all things to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto you.” (John 14:26 KJV)
“But ye shall receive power, after that the Holy Ghost is come upon you: and ye shall be witnesses unto me both in Jerusalem, and in all Judæa, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost part of the earth.” (Acts 1:8 KJV)
“Likewise the Spirit also helpeth our infirmities: for we know not what we should pray for as we ought: but the Spirit itself maketh intercession for us with groanings which cannot be uttered.” (Romans 8:26 KJV)
Frequently Asked Questions
Is the Holy Spirit God?
Christians across nearly every tradition have historically answered yes. In Acts 5:3-4, lying to the Holy Spirit is described as lying to God, and the Spirit is named alongside the Father and the Son in passages like Matthew 28:19. The historic Christian teaching is that the Holy Spirit is fully God, together with the Father and the Son.
What is blasphemy against the Holy Spirit?
Jesus said, “All manner of sin and blasphemy shall be forgiven unto men: but the blasphemy against the Holy Ghost shall not be forgiven unto men” (Matthew 12:31 KJV). Sincere Bible teachers explain this differently, but many understand it as a settled, final rejection of the Spirit’s witness to Jesus rather than a single careless word. Many pastors also note that a person who is worried they have committed it is showing the very sensitivity to God that suggests they have not.
Related Bible Topics
Keep exploring what the Bible says with these related pages: What Is the Gift of Tongues in the Bible?, What Are the Fruits of the Spirit?, and Where Did Jesus Go When He Died?
Ask a Deeper Question
Still curious about the Holy Spirit? Ask your own question below and get an instant, Bible-based answer.